J.P.Sommerville

 

Toleration

John Kilcullen on Pierre Bayle

Extracts from Bayle

John Locke, Letter on Toleration

           

 

Suggested reading

Ashcraft, Richard, "Latitudinarianism and Toleration: Historical Myth vs. Political Reality," in Richard Kroll et al, eds., Philosophy, Science, and Religion in England, 1640-1700, CUP 1992.

Champion, J. A. I., The Pillars of Priestcraft Shaken: The Church of England and its Enemies, 1660-1730
[important.]

DeKrey, Gary S., "Rethinking the Restoration: Dissenting Cases for Conscience, 1667-1672," in Historical Journal 38(1995), 53-83.
[useful study.]

Goldie, Mark, "John Locke and Anglican Royalism," in Political Studies 31(1983), 61-85.
[important article, as is the next]

Goldie, Mark, "The theory of religious intolerance in Restoration England," in Ole Grell et al, eds., From Persecution to Toleration: The Glorious Revolution and Religion in England, Oxford UP 1991.

Grell, Ole, and Porter, Roy, Toleration in Enlightenment Europe, Cambridge, 2000

Harris, Tim, et al., eds., The Politics of Religion in Restoration England, Harvard UP 1990
[useful collection.]

Hobbes, Thomas, An historical narration concerning heresie and the punishment thereof, London 1680.

Israel, Jonathan, "The Intellectual Debate about Toleration in the Dutch Republic," in C. Berkiens-Stevelinck et al., eds., The Emergence of Tolerance in the Dutch Republic," Brill 1997.
[useful essay by a leading scholar of the Dutch Republic; the same goes for the next.]

Israel, Jonathan, "Toleration in Seventeenth-Century Dutch and English Thought," in Simon Groenveld et al., eds., The Exchange of Ideas: Religion, Scholarship and Art in Anglo-Dutch Relations in the Seventeenth Century, Zutphen 1994.

Jordan, W. K., The development of religious toleration in England, 4 vols, Harvard UP 1932-40
[huge  narrative, a bit dated.]

Kamen, Henry, The Rise of Toleration, New York, 1967.

Marshall, John., John Locke, Toleration, and Early Enlightenment Culture, CUP 2005
[major recent work; huge.]

Murphy, Andrew R., Conscience and Community. Revisiting Toleration and Religious Dissent in Early Modern England and America, Penn State 2001.
[fine, scholarly, historically informed book.]

Pincus, Steven, "'To protect English Liberties': The English Nationalist Revolution of 1688-1689," in Tony Claydon et al., eds., Protestantism and National Identity: Britain and Ireland, c. 1650-c. 1850, CUP 1998. [important and interesting, though not centrally on toleration.]

Schochet, Gordon, "Locke and religious toleration" in The Revolution of 1688-1689 : changing perspectives  edited by Lois G. Schwoerer.

Sommerville, Johann P., “Conscience, Law, and Things Indifferent: Arguments on Toleration from the Vestiarian Controversy to Hobbes and Locke,” in Harald Braun and Edward Vallance, eds., Contexts of Conscience in Early Modern Europe, 1500-1700, Houndmills, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004, 166-79.

Spurr, John, "The Church of England, Comprehension, and the Toleration Act of 1689," in English Historical Review 104(1989), 927-46.

Waldron, Jeremy, "Locke: Toleration and the Rationality of Persecution," in Susan Mendus ed., Justifying Toleration, CUP 1988.

Worden, Blair, "Toleration and the Cromwellian Protectorate," in W. J. Sheils, Persecution and Toleration, Blackwell 1984, and in Religion, Resistance and the Civil War,  ed. G.J. Schochet, P.E. Tatspaugh & C. Brobeck (Washington D.C.: Folger Institute, 1990), pp. 199-233
[important discussion of toleration and Cromwell.]

Zakai, Avihu, "Religious Toleration and Its Enemies: the Independent Divines and the Issue of Toleration during the English Civil War," in Albion 21(1989), 1-33.

 

Many items in the list on Hobbes and Religion are also relevant.

 

 

Questions

Why did arguments in favor of toleration triumph?

Did tolerationists win the intellectual debate with those who wanted to enforce religious uniformity, or did they simply win power?

What arguments were mounted to show that we ought to persecute those who hold false views, and how convincing were they?

What were John Locke's arguments for toleration, and to what extent did they flow from, or conflict with, his wider philosophical and political positions?